Earth is emitting mysterious radiation after sunset and scientists cannot explain why |

When the Sun slips below the horizon and night begins, something unexpected appears high above our planet. Space scientists have discovered a strange and faint form of natural radiation that emerges only after sunset, pulses through the upper atmosphere for several hours and then fades away again shortly after sunrise. Invisible from the ground and detectable only by satellites orbiting Earth, this newly identified radio emission has stunned researchers because it does not match any known natural electromagnetic behaviour associated with the planet’s magnetic field or space weather patterns. The finding suggests that Earth’s space environment is more dynamic and mysterious than previously assumed, opening new scientific questions about how our planet interacts with the wider cosmos.A peer-reviewed paper published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics analysed data from orbiting spacecraft between 2017 and 2023 and documented nearly a thousand occurrences of this phenomenon. The study reports that the radio emission, known as the Hectometric Continuum, appears only after sunset when the ionosphere cools and disappears a few hours after sunrise. The researchers observed that the radiation occurs in the 600 to 1700 kHz range and is generated by processes within Earth’s magnetosphere that were previously unknown.

What scientists know so far about this mysterious nighttime radiation

This newly detected radiation is not a signal created by technology, satellites or any artificial source. Instead, it appears to come from plasma — a cloud of electrically charged particles that surrounds Earth high above the atmosphere. After sunset, the upper atmosphere begins to cool rapidly, altering the density and behaviour of charged particles. According to researchers involved in the study, these cooling conditions create a resonance effect in which electrons trapped by Earth’s magnetic field interact in a way that produces natural radio waves.Because the radiation originates tens of thousands of kilometres above the surface, the lower atmosphere blocks it completely. That is why no ground-based radio instruments have ever detected it and why it remained hidden until satellites with sensitive detectors were used to examine the surrounding electromagnetic environment.

Why the discovery has surprised space scientists

Until now, researchers believed that the most significant natural radio emissions linked to Earth were well understood, such as auroral emissions or signals produced by radiation belt activity. What makes this new discovery astonishing is that it appears only at night, vanishes when the Sun becomes active and seems to depend on unusually calm space weather conditions. This behaviour is the opposite of what is seen in many known space-weather effects, which typically intensify during solar storms rather than weaken.The phenomenon’s sensitivity to solar cycles also makes it difficult to monitor. Early patterns show that the radiation appears more consistently during long periods of calm solar activity and virtually disappears when the Sun becomes more active. This inconsistency kept it hidden for years and has left scientists with far more questions than answers.

What this mysterious radiation could mean for space science and technology

Although the radiation poses no threat to life on Earth and cannot reach the ground, it has several important implications:

What researchers plan to investigate next

Scientists now intend to study the timing, frequency range and intensity of the emission across seasons and solar cycles. More satellite missions will be needed to map the physical region where the radiation originates and to determine whether the signal occurs globally or only in specific parts of the magnetosphere. Researchers are also exploring whether similar emissions exist around gas giants like Jupiter or around exoplanets where magnetic fields play a crucial role in shielding life.This discovery highlights how much remains unknown about near-Earth space and shows that even in an era of advanced technology, our planet still holds surprises waiting to be uncovered.There is no safety concern associated with the newly detected radiation. It does not affect the surface or human health in any way. Rather, it expands scientific understanding and reveals how lively, complex and active the region just beyond the atmosphere truly is. The fact that such a phenomenon has existed undetected for so long demonstrates that Earth continues to hold mysteries beyond what we see from the ground.Hidden far above the night sky, this mysterious radio wave whisper reminds us that our planet is still evolving and interacting with the universe in ways we are only beginning to understand. Each sunset now carries a silent message from space, and scientists are listening closely.Also read| The Moon was born when Earth’s sister planet died in a violent collision: Scientists reveal tragic origin